Stonehenge

This is a documentary of Stonehenge:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tvVDlhPAhqA

Stonehenge is a megalithic monument, cromlech type of Bronze Age located near Amesbury, in Wiltshire, England, about eight miles north of Salisbury.

Stonehenge consists of large stone blocks in four concentric circles. The exterior, a hundred feet in diameter, consists of large rectangular stones sandstone originally were topped by lintels, also of stone, leaving only seven now in place. Within this outer row is another circle of smaller blocks of bluestones. This involves a horseshoe-shaped structure constructed with sandstone stones of the same color. Inside remains micaceous sandstone slab known as "the Altar."

The whole is surrounded by a circular ditch that measures 104 m in diameter. Within this space stands a patch appearing in 56 pits known as "Aubrey holes." The patch and the moat are cut from "Avenue", a processional path 23 meters wide and three kilometers long, approximately. Close by is the "Stone of Sacrifice." Opposite is the "Heel Stone."

The goal that was building this great monument is unknown, but is supposed to be used as a religious temple, monument or astronomical observatory that was used to predict the seasons.

At the summer solstice, the Sun ran right through the center of the building, which suggests that the builders had knowledge of astronomy. The same day, the sun was crossing the axis of Woodhenge, where they found many bones of animals and objects that show that there were feasts, probably anochecer.

Manchester United Football Club

The Manchester United Football Club (better known as Manchester United, or simply as Man Utd.) Is a football club originally from Manchester, England, considered one of the most popular in the world, 6 because it has more than 330 million of international following, August 7 which is equivalent to almost 5% of the population mundial.9 With a value of USD 269 million according to Forbes magazine in late 2011.10 is the richest football club (where surpasses Spanish Real Madrid and Bayern Munich German) 11 and the second most valuable of any sport (after the U.S. baseball team New York Yankees) 12 13
Similarly, Manchester United has had the highest average attendance in English football in the last 50 years, with few exceptions it has been surpassed by Liverpool.14 Its main achievements are winning the First Division / Premier League 19 times, England in the Super 19, the FA Cup in 11, the League Cup in England in April, the European Cup / Champions on 3 and the Cup Winners Cup in ocasión.15 is also the only English club to become world club champions, to win the Intercontinental Cup in 1999 and the FIFA Club World Cup in 2008, defeating the then American champions Palmeiras and Liga de Quito, respectively.
Although he joined the First Division in 1892, the club was originally born under the name of Newton Heath LYR Football Club in 1878, with the team of Lancashire and Yorkshire railway depot Railway Company, located in Newton Heath. After being close to bankruptcy in 1902, J. H. Davies took over the club and changed the name, calling Manchester United. Its headquarters, Old Trafford was bombed during World War II which led to the club to find the love of their neighbors Manchester City, who allowed them to play at Maine Road for a time in exchange for an annual fee. The United Matt Busby appointed as coach after the Second World War and its policy, then unheard of promoting most of the players from the club's youth team was very successful, winning the league in 1956 and 1957. This success was a stop on the way to the Munich air disaster of 1958, in which eight players of the team were killed. Despite this tragedy, the group was able to recover and won the league in 1965 and 1967 and the European Cup in 1968.
The club was again remarkable success until the 1990s, when Alex Ferguson led the team to the award of eight league championships in eleven years, most recently in the Champions League and Premier League for the 2007-08 season. In 1999, Manchester United became the first English team to win the Champions League, the Premier League and the FA Cup in the same season (which is known as the 'triplet' club).

London eye

The London Eye, also known as Millennium Wheel, finished in 1999 and opened the public in March, 2000, was the major treadmill - viewing-point of the world up to the opening of Nanchang's Star in May, 2006. The London Eye Jubilee Gardens reaches a height of 135 m on the western end of, in the South Bank of the Thames, Lambeth's London district, between the bridges of Westminster and Hungerford. The treadmill is together with the County Hall and opposite to the offices of the Defense Department.

There was a financial polemic:

On May 25, the mayor of London Ken Livingstone promised that the attraction would remain in London, asking also that if the conflict was not solved would use his power to request the London Development Agency who was executing an order of obligatory purchase. The Southbank Centre and the London Eye signed a contract of lease for 25 years on February 8, 2006, after a judicial review on the dispute for the rent. The agreement of rent was meaning that the Southbank Centre, a charitable organization publicly financed, would receive at least 500,000 £ annual of the attraction, that in turn assured his medium-term situation.

Tussauds also Marks Barfield announced the acquisition of other two thirds in British Airways's hands and the family, as well as the assumption of the debt with the first one. These agreements granted 100 % of the London Eye to Tussauds and solved the problem of the debt of the original financing for the construction of the treadmill, which British Airways had estimated in more than 150 millions of £ in 2005 and had gone 25 % per year being increased. It was inaugurated on December 31, 1999, though it was opened for the public newly on March 3, 2000.

Waterloo(15-18th June 1815)

Battle of Waterloo (French: watɛʁ'lo), battle fought between the French army commanded by Napoleon Bonaparte's troops against British, Dutch and German led by the Duke of Wellington and the Prussian army of Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher , near the town of Waterloo (Belgium), June 18, 1815.

It is considered as part of the Campaign of Waterloo all combat ranging from the first encounters between French troops with Prussian detachments June 15, until the final withdrawal of the French army on the 18th.

French side participated in the 80,000 troops and 210 cannons, estimated casualties were 11,500 (14%). The Prussians deployed 84,000 soldiers and 224 cannons, estimated casualties were 25,000 (30%) .1

On February 26, 1815 Napoleon flees the island of Elba where he was exiled. On March 13, hearing of the news, is reunited Congress of Vienna where he was declared outlaw and decided to meet again an alliance to capture him, being so formed the Seventh Coalition.

A week later Napoleon arrives in Paris where he again received the support of the people and come to him all the officers and soldiers of the Grande Armée. Given the situation leaves Louis XVIII and Napoleon proclaimed Emperor for the second time.

The new coalition of Austria, Russia, Britain and Prussia begins to unfold in the Netherlands, when Napoleon decides to attack, aware of the need to stop them before they back together all the armies. On June 12, is preparing to blow up the coalition and take Brussels.

The main reason why Napoleon chose an offensive strategy was for the possible effects that could produce an overnight success.

But what finally tipped the balance was the known existence of political differences between England and Prusia.Un sudden attack could force one side to retire following his own line of communication. If Napoleon took advantage of the gap between them, which at first was already 75 kilometers (distance between headquarters) could isolate and either attack them separately, it was clear that neither of the two separate armies would able to stand against the powerful Armée du Nord

However, the strategy did not work out, but came very close to winning.
Only in the final moments of the battle, when Blücher reached positions of Napoleon, decided the fate of Waterloo.

The defeat ended the Napoleonic dream, because 6 years later died on the island of St. Helena.

Brighton

Brighton  is the major part of the city and unitary authority of Brighton and Hove (formed from the previous towns of Brighton, Hove, Portslade and several other villages) on the south coast of Great Britain. Formerly part of the non-metropolitan county of East Sussex, it remains part of the ceremonial county of East Sussex, within the historic county of Sussex.

The ancient settlement of Brighthelmstone dates from before Domesday Book (1086), but it emerged as a health resort featuring sea bathing during the 18th century and became a destination for day-trippers from London after the arrival of the railway in 1841.

Interesting places

The Royal Pavilion

The Royal Pavilion is a former royal residence located in Brighton, England. It was built in three campaigns, beginning in 1787, as a seaside retreat for George, Prince of Wales, from 1811 Prince Regent. It is often referred to as the Brighton Pavilion. It is built in the Indo-Saracenic style prevalent in India for most of the 19th century, with the most extravagant chinoiserie interiors ever executed in the British Isles.

Grand Hotel

The hotel was designed by architect John Whichcord Jr., and built in 1864 on the site occupied previously by a battery house. It was originally built for members of the upper classes visiting Brighton and remains one of the most expensive hotels in the town. Among its advanced engineering features at the time was the "Vertical Omnibus", ahydraulically powered lift powered by cisterns in the roof. This was the first lift built in the United Kingdom outside London, where only two others had been installed. The building itself is an example of Italian influence in Victorian architecture.

There are 201 rooms in the hotel, including 8 singles, 115 standard twin and standard double rooms, 31 sea-view twin and sea-view double rooms, 42 "sea-view deluxe" rooms and 4 sea-view suites, including the "Presidential Suite". It offers bespoke conferencing facilities for up to 800 guests. The largest room is the Empress Suite, which has a capacity of 800 guests. It is commonly used as a matrimonial venue for weddings. The hotel's 43ft yacht, the AnnabelOlivia, can be used for corporate functions. It was awarded 5 star status in 1988.

Brighton Wheel

 The Brighton Wheel, also known during its planning and construction phase as theBrighton O and the Wheel of Excellence, is a transportable Ferris wheel installation erected in October 2011 on the seafront in Brighton, part of the English city of Brighton and Hove. It has planning permission to remain in place until 2016. Situated below the East Cliff near Brighton Pier and built with private funding, its promoters anticipate that several hundred thousand visitors per year will experience the 12-minute ride. The wheel's location in a conservation area with many residential buildings has proved controversial.

St Nicholas' Church

The Church of Saint Nicholas of Myra, usually known as St. Nicholas Church, is an Anglican church in Brighton. It is both the original parish church of Brighton and the oldest surviving building in Brighton. It is located on high ground at the junction of Church Street and Dyke Road in the city centre, very close to the main shopping areas. Due to its architectural significance the church is a Grade II* listed building.

The ancient Southover Priory in Lewes was responsible for the church from the end of the 11th century until 1537, when the last prior surrendered it to the Crown. In 1540, it passed to Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex; in 1541, following his death by execution in July 1540, the advowson was granted to Anne of Cleves; and finally, in 1558, the Bishop of Chichester gained it. The holder of that title has been the patron of the church ever since.

The Brighton Beach

The seafront has bars, restaurants, nightclubs and amusement arcades, principally between the piers. Being less than an hour from London by train has made the city a popular destination, especially with big party groups. Brighton beach has a nudist area.

Brighton's beach, which is a shingle beach up to the mean low tide mark, has been awarded a blue flag. The Monarch's Waylong-distance footpath heads west along the seafront above the beach.

Trafalgar Square

Trafalgar Square is a square of the center of London, constructed to commemorate Trafalgar's Battle in which the British navy won to the navies French and Spanish opposite to the coasts of Cadiz, Spain. The original name was a square of Guillermo IV, but George Ledwell Taylor suggested to change the name.

In the north zone of the square the royal stables placed from the epoch of Eduardo I, whereas in the southern part the original Charing Cross was. Nowadays Charing Cross is considered to be the heart of London and from her all the distances measure up. In 1820, the king Jorge IV entrusted to John Nash the urbanization of the zone. The current architecture of the square owes Charles Barry to itself and it was finished in 1845.The square is a habitual place of political manifestations and is the place on the one that raises Nelson's column.

The square is formed by a great central area surrounded with streets in three of four sides, and by the stairs that lead the National Gallery for other one. Nelson's column is placed in the center of the square, surrounded by the sources designed by sir Edwin Lutyens in 1939 and for four enormous lions of bronze esculpidos for sir Edwin Landseer. It is said that the metal used for esculpirlos comes from a cannon of the French fleet. The column is crowned by a statue of the admiral Nelson.

In four corners of the square there place four plinths, the placed ones in the north zone they established themselves to use as support to equestrian statues and they are of major width that the two placed in the south zone. Three of them shelter statues: Jorge IV, Henry Havelock and sir Charles James Napier.

Opposite to the National Gallery two statues place, that of Jacobo II to the west of the entry of the portico and that of George Washington in the eastern part. The latter statue, gift of Virginia's condition, is placed on soil imported from the United States in order to fulfill the declaration of Washington of which nevermore the foot would put in soil Britisher 2 En 1888 the statue of the General Charles George Gordon got up. In 1943 the statue moved back to return to be re-placed in 1953 in Victoria Embankment. The square has turned into a symbol of enormous social and political importance for the Londoners and the visitors.

His symbolic importance was demonstrated in 1940, when the Schutzstaffel elaborated secret plans to move Nelson's column to Berlin after a supposed German invasion.

The church of england protests

The Church of England started yesterday calibrating the consequences of his decision of supporting the veto to the access of the women to the bishopric. 

And already the voices multiply asking that the Anglican ones stop being the Church established of the country, a privilege that allows him to ignore - for example - the policies of equality of sex that are applied to the rest of the company.

The archbishop of salient Canterbury, Rowan Williams, thought that the Church " lost certain credibility " between the company with this surprise voting. 

The Church of England faces as all the other churches of the western world to a public inspectors' loss, and though it claims 26 millions of baptized, the number of medical instructors evaluates nowadays in only 1,7 million. 

The rejection of the one that had been the major reform in the Church of England from the women's arrangement priests in 1992 also is a blow for his successor, the bishop of Durham Justin Welby, another supporter of this evolution. It will appropriate itself in January.

Mountains and saws of England

Dorset Downs

The Dorset Downs constitutes an area of hills of chalk in the center of Dorset's county.

The principal activities in the field include the agriculture on arable lands; in addition there are important extensions of forests and of calcareous meadows. The formation is presented great by phreatic napa that acts as reservoir of drinkable water, supplied from there to great part of the county. Beside allowing the existence of the above mentioned reservoirs, the properties of the chalk favor the appearance of seasonal rivers, which depends on the levels of the underground water.

Glastonbury Tor

Glastonbury Tor is a hill in Glastonbury, in Somerset Crowned by a building without roof: the Tower of San Miguel. The zone is controlled by the National Trust. Tor is a word of Celtic origin that means " conical hill ". This this hill positioned in half of a plain known as Summerland Meadows and surrounded by the Rio Brue. In 1892 there were identified the remains of a former villa that dates back to the Age of Iron. Later there are indications of Roman occupation. The britanos it knew her as Ynys yr Afalon For what it is believed that it might be the Avalon of the legendary King Arturo.

Sca Fell

The Sca Fell is the highest second mountain of England with 964 meters after the Scafell Pike from which it is separated by Mickledore's step. It is placed inside the National Park of the District of the Lagos.

Scafell Pike

The Scafell Pike is the highest mountain of England with 978 meters on the level of the sea. It is placed in Cumbria's county inside the National Park of the District of the Lagos. Sometimes it is confused with a neighboring mountain called Sca Fell, from which it is separated by Mickledore's step.

South Dorset Downs

South Dorset Downs or Purbeck Hills are a formation of chalk located in Dorset. In Durlston Head, the chalk that one finds behind they begin to show signs of erosion, thanks to which there were formed Poole's bay and Solent's strait.

The height of the formation and his proximity to Poole's port and to the southern coast they have cost him to the hills a considerable strategic importance. There exist in addition several archaeological deposits of the age of Roman and Anglo-Saxon iron and of the periods.

Robbie Williams

Robert Peter "Robbie" Williams (born 13 February 1974) is an English singer-songwriter, and occasional actor. He is a member of the pop group, but has found greater commercial success as a solo artist.

Williams rose to fame in the band's first run in the early- to mid-1990s. After many disagreements with the management and group members, Williams left the group in 1995 to launch his solo career. On 15 July 2010, it was announced he had rejoined Take That and that the group intended to release a new album in November 2010 which became the second fastest-selling album in UK chart history and the fastest-selling record of the century so far. In 2006 Williams entered the Guiness Book of World Records for selling 1.6 million tickets of his Close Encounters Tour in a single day.

Williams has sold over 70 million records worldwide, which ranks him among the best-selling music artists worldwide. He is the best-selling British solo artist in the United Kingdom and the best selling non-Latino artist in Latin America. Six of his albums are among the top 100 biggest-selling albums in the United Kingdom. He has also been honoured with seventeen BRIT Awards—more than any other artist—and seven ECHO Awards. In 2004, he was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame after being voted as the "Greatest Artist of the 1990s." Williams is married to actress Ayda Field.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gtOV7bp-gys

The Tower of London

Her Majesty's Royal Palace and Fortress, more commonly known as theTower of London, is a historic castle on the north bank of the River Thamesin central London, England, United Kingdom. It lies within the London Borough of Tower Hamlets, separated from the eastern edge of the square mile of theCity of London by the open space known as Tower Hill. It was founded towards the end of 1066 as part of the Norman Conquest of England. The White Tower, which gives the entire castle its name, was built by William the Conqueror in 1078, and was a resented symbol of oppression, inflicted upon London by the new ruling elite. The castle was used as a prison since at least 1100, although that was not its primary purpose. A grand palace early in its history, it served as a royal residence. As a whole, the Tower is a complex of several buildings set within two concentric rings of defensive walls and a moat. There were several phases of expansion, mainly under Kings Richard the Lionheart,Henry III, and Edward I in the 12th and 13th centuries. The general layout established by the late 13th century remains despite later activity on the site.

The Tower of London has played a prominent role in English history. It was besieged several times and controlling it has been important to controlling the country. The Tower has served variously as an armoury, a treasury, a menagerie, the home of the Royal Mint, a public records office, and the home of the Crown Jewels of the United Kingdom

The Big Ben

This one is a documentary of the bbc of fireworks londres of the new alive year in the big ben:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1yLRK2M8YQ


The Big Ben is the clock placed in the side northwest of the Palace of Westminster, the headquarters of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, in London, 1 and popularly for extension it is in use for naming also to the clock of the tower. His official name was Clock Tower until on June 26, 2012, in honor to the diamond jubilee the queen Isabel II, decided that the tower would happen to be been called Elizabeth Tower (Isabel's tower).

The tower shelters the biggest clock of four faces of the world, and is the third tower of clock more discharge of the world. It celebrated his 150 anniversary on May 31, 2009, and there were carried out diverse acts of conmemoración. The tower was completed in 1858 and the clock entered functioning on September 7, 1859. It has turned into one of the most famous symbols of London and England.

The tower is designed in Neogothic style and has a height of 96,3 meters (about 16 floors). In spite of being one of the most famous tourist attractions of the world, the interior of the tower is not opened foreign visitors. The residents in the United Kingdom can request a visit in advance across the Parliament. The tower does not have elevator, for what the visitors must raise 334 steps of stone up to the top part.

Four wings of the clock and his spheres were designed by Augustus Pugin. Augustus Pugin. Every wings are formed by a spherical structure of iron of 7 meters that contains 312 pieces of opaque crystal, as a window. Some of these pieces they can withdraw to check the handles of the clock. The frames of the spheres are golden. In the base of every face of the clock, done with letters of brass, there is an inscription in Latin: LATIN TEACHER SALVAM FAC REGINAM NOSTRAM VICTORIAM PRIMAM (God guards our queen Victoria I).

Anglo-spanish war (1585-1604) Part 2

In 1589 British forces under the command of Francis Drake and John Norreys attacked La Coruna, where they were rejected, and went to Lisbon, where they failed in their attempt to provoke an uprising Portuguese for Don Antonio.

The failure of the British Contraarmada caused major financial losses in the Elizabethan treasure, and allowed Philip rebuild Atlantic Spanish fleet, which turned quickly to have supremacy

A sophisticated intelligence escort and frustrated most pirate attacks to the Indian fleet from the 1590s: buccaneer expeditions of John Hawkins and Martin Frobisher in the beginning of the decade were defeated. Also, the ship Revenge (Revenge) one of the most important of its navy was captured near the Azores in 1591, when an English fleet tried to capture the Indian fleet.

In 1592 Pedro de Zubiaur dispersed ocean an English convoy of 40 ships on fire capturing the flagship and three other boats and the following year in the Battle of Blaye defeated a small fleet of six British ships (sinking its two main units) and escaped of a fleet sent to capture him even greater

Between 1595 and 1596, an English expedition against the Spanish settlements in the Caribbean, led by Drake and Hawkins, was defeated first in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and then in successive battles against Spanish forces greatly outnumbered in various Caribbean locations. The Spanish defenses were ahead of the attackers, the British suffered heavy losses, including the death of two sailors

In 1595, four Spanish ships commanded by Charles of Amésquita landed in Cornwall, western England. Also ran without problems in a fleet sent to destroy them.

In July 1596, Anglo-Dutch expedition led by Robert Devereux Earl of Essex sacked Cadiz, destroying the Spanish fleet anchored in the bay, and in October of that year the Spanish fleet under the command of Martin de Padilla was disrupted by a storm off the coast of Galicia on his way to Ireland. This army was reorganized and the British could not attack by another storm on the coast of Galicia, the English fleet headed for the Azores where it managed to win the Spanish fleet returning from the Indies. A new Spanish expedition against England in 1597 was derailed by a storm in the English Channel.

After the death of Philip II in 1598, his successor Philip III of Spain would continue the war against England. In May 1600 peace talks began in Boulogne-sur-Mer, which resulted fallidas.2

In October 1601 John Eagle landed in front of their thirds in Kinsale, on the south coast of Ireland, to support Irish forces at that time against England held the Nine Years War. The Spanish troops would be defeated in early 1602 in the Battle of Kinsale, with the coalition losing 1,200 men, including 90 Spanish, forcing his return to Spain and leaving as prioriaria achieving its objectives in Flanders

After the death of Elizabeth I in 1603, his successor James I of England in 1604 signed the Treaty of London with Philip III, in which both countries agreed to war.

The result for Spain was much more positive. He was the leading European power in the seventeenth century until the defeat against France in the Thirty Years War and the rise of Dutch naval power eventually reducing it to a higher power
 

The champion of London 12

Fed ex: Djokovic ends Federer's reign as king of the World Tour Finals

Novak Djokovic unthroned Roger Federer as the king of London's O2 Arena in a brilliant final at the Barclays ATP World Tour Finals.

Federer had won the last two titles at this elite end of season event and was looking to extend his record to seven triumphs in the tournament as a whole.

However, he went down 7-6 (8/6) 7-5 in two hours and 14 minutes, after failing to build on strong starts to both sets.

For world number one Djokovic, who saved two set points in the second set, it was the perfect way to end another stellar season and as undefeated champion he goes home with $1,760,000 in prize money.

It was only the fourth time the top two players in the world have played in the final since the inaugural tournament in 1970.

Federer and Djokovic had met 28 times previously, with the Swiss leading 16-12, while he had also won their two most recent matches, at Wimbledon and in Cincinnati in August.

In contrast, this was Djokovic's first final in London, although he did win the title the final year the tournament was held in Shanghai in 2008

Dance and theatre in England

The dance Morris is a form of folklore English dance generally accompanied by music. It is based on the rhythmic one and the intensification of the execution of the choreography by a group of dancers. It implements canes, swords, handkerchiefs and also it can be exercised by the dancers. In the dances for one or two men, the steps are realized about a couple of pipes of clay placed in the soil between the dancers.

There are english men who affirm that the beginnings of the dance morris go back 1448, but these are opened for the controversy. One does not mention "morris" dance before the ends of the 15th century, though they appear in the Bishops' records " Visitación articles " the friendly dances with sword called "mumming". In addition, the first records always mention "Morys"

One does not mention "morris" dance before the ends of the 15th century, though they appear in the Bishops' records " Visitación articles " the friendly dances with sword called "mumming".

In addition, the first records always mention "Morys" in the establishment of a court, and both men and women are participants of this dance.

Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604) Part 1

The Anglo-Spanish War (1585-1604) was a conflict between the kingdoms of England, ruled by Elizabeth I of England, and Spain, where Philip II reigned. The war began with English victories like that of Cadiz in 1587, and the loss of the Spanish Armada in 1588, but many Spanish victories like the Contraarmada in 1589, and the vast improvement in the escort of the Indies fleets and rapid recovery of Spain to the losses, eventually weaken and finally to England resulted in the signing of a peace treaty favorable to Spain in London in 1602

The war began in 1585. In October of that year Drake sailed west Iberian coast, plundering Vigo, La Palma and Santiago de Cabo Verde, crossed to the West Indies capturing Santo Domingo and Cartagena de Indias, whose return demanded by the Spanish authorities for the payment of a ransom , and St. Augustine (in Florida). Irritated by these attacks, Philip II sent a large fleet to assemble the mission to invade England.

The execution of Mary Queen of Scots in February 1587 outraged Catholics of continental Europe. His claim to the throne was inherited by Philip, who was a widower of Mary I of England. In July of the same year, Philip receives approval of Pope Sixtus V to depose Elizabeth, who already in 1570 had been excommunicated by Pope Pius V

In August 1588 the Spanish plans to invade England became effective: the Spanish Armada, led by the Duke of Medina Sidonia attacked the English fleet led by Charles Howard in the English Channel. Adverse weather conditions and clashes with the English fleet led to the loss or capture of half of the Spanish ships.

The failure of the Spanish Armada enabled England to continue their pirate attacks to the Spanish colonies, while continuing aid to the Netherlands and France.

Edmund Sharpe

Edmund Sharpe (31 October 1809 – 8 May 1877) was an English architect, architectural historian, railway engineer, and sanitary reformer. Born in Knutsford, Cheshire, he was educated first by his parents and then at schools locally and in Runcorn, Greenwich and Sedbergh. Following his graduation from Cambridge University he was awarded a travelling scholarship, enabling him to study architecture in Germany and southern France. In 1835 he established an architectural practice in Lancaster, initially working on his own. In 1845 he entered into partnership with Edward Paley, one of his pupils. Sharpe's main focus was on churches, and he was a pioneer in the use of terracotta as a structural material in church building, designing what were known as "pot" churches, the first of which is St Stephen and All Martyrs' Church, Lever Bridge.

He also designed secular buildings, including residential buildings and schools, and worked on the development of railways in Northwest England, designing bridges and planning new lines. In 1851 he resigned from his architectural practice, and in 1856 he moved from Lancaster, spending the remainder of his career mainly as a railway engineer, first in North Wales, then in Switzerland and southern France. Sharpe returned to England in 1866 to live in Scotforth near Lancaster, where he designed a final church near to his home.

While working in his architectural practice, Sharpe was involved in Lancaster's civic affairs. He was an elected town councillor and served as mayor in 1848–49. Concerned about the town's poor water supply and sanitation, he championed the construction of new sewers and a waterworks. He was a talented musician, and took part in the artistic, literary, and scientific activities in the town. An accomplished sportsman, he took an active interest in archery, rowing and cricket.

Sharpe achieved national recognition as an architectural historian. He published books of detailed architectural drawings, wrote a number of articles on architecture, devised a scheme for the classification of English Gothic architectural styles, and in 1875 was awarded the Royal Gold Medal of the Royal Institute of British Architects.

165 º anniversary of Bran Stoker's birth

Abraham "Bram" Stoker (November 8, 1847, Clontarf - April 20, 1912, London) was an Irish novelist and writer, known for his novel Dracula (1897).

Son of Abraham Stoker and the feminist Charlotte Mathilda Blake Thornley, Bram had six siblings: two older (Rose and Jack) and four small (Yoaquen, Johan, Jason and Jumy)  was a bourgeois family, hardworking and austere, whose only fortune was books and culture. His failing health forced him to carry out his studies at home with private tutors, and he was its first seven years of life in bed for different diseases while his mother told him stories of ghosts and mystery which will then influence. At seven, he made ​​a full recovery.

His best-known literary creation, which enhanced the nuances of vampirism and became a literary transmitted through the years, was the vampire Dracula (1897), based fictional story, according to some sources, the real character of Vlad Dracula "Vlad the Son of the Demon / Dragon" also called Vlad Tepes "the Impaler." for this novel drew on the expertise of a Hungarian orientalist scholar named Arminius Vámbéry (Armin or Hermann Bamberger, actually) that would meet with several times (according to some, to tell him the adventures of the Prince of Wallachia) and books like Emily Gerard "Report on the principalities of Wallachia." Irving was inspired by Franz Liszt and to fix the appearance of Count Dracula. reflects the struggle between Good and Evil Oscar Wilde said of the novel that was the best horror written work of all time, and also "the finest novel ever written." In addition, the work was praised by, among others, Arthur Conan Doyle.

Middle Ages in England

England during the Middle Ages (5th century of the retreat of the Roman forces of the province of Britannia and of the Germanic invasions, up to ends of the Anglo-Saxon period), fragmented in a series of independent kingdoms.

The medieval period in England begins with the arrival in Kent of the Anglo-Saxon troops directed by the legendary Hengest and Horsa. Later the Celtic kingdoms Brythonic, whose territories were close to the modern zone of England, were conquered by Jutes, Anglos and Saxons.

The end of the medieval epoch one is in the habit of dating for the summit of the " Renaissance English " in the reign of Enrique VIII of England, and the Reform in Scotland.

From a political point of view, the Norman conquest of the medieval England divides in two phases different from the cultural and political history: from a linguistic point of view, the Norman conquest had only a limited effect, in the evolution of the ancient Englishman, though the Anglo-Norman language would continue being the language of those who governed for two centuries, before mixing it with the Half Englishman. During this period, an alone King governed from the border with Scotland up to the border with Wales to the border with Cornwall.

English Demography

With over 51 million inhabitants according to the census (Statistics) 2001, England is the most populous constituent country of the United Kingdom, accounting for 84% of the total population. These figures become to England in the 25th most populous country in the world, if it were a sovereign state, as well as the fourth largest by population in the European Union. In turn, with a density of 395 people per square kilometer is the second most densely populated state of the European Union after Malta.

Languages

As its name suggests, the English language spoken by millions of people around the world, originated as the language of England, where it remains the predominant language spoken in the world.

Religion

After Anglicanism (with 55% of the population), the Catholic Church is the religion with the highest number of faithful, assuming they (along with Wales) 4.2 million people, approximately 7.8% of the English population and galesa.17

Especially since the 50's, various religions practiced in the former British colonies began to appear due to immigration, Islam being the most common among them, representing approximately 3.1% of the population. They follow Hinduism, Buddhism and Sikhism, which were introduced from India and South East Asia, which together reach 2%. In the 2001 census, about 14.6% of the population said no religion.

The scandal splashed British banks

The Royal Bank of Scotland has been fined 150 million pounds (186 million euros) for market manipulation, as the scandal of the "manipulation of interest rates" splashes to other British banks, according to The Times. Barclays was previously sanctioned and imposed a record fine of 290 million pounds by manipulating the main interbank rates, the paper, while increasing the pressure on the entity's CEO, Bob Diamond, resign. After hearing the news, the company went on to lose over 3,000 million pounds a collapse of the stock pric.
In an editorial, the Times finds that:


Bob Diamond is a person of integrity ... However, the governing body has admitted serious irregularities that epitomize the concern about moral corruption that exists within modern investment banking ... Diamond must send a clear message about the expected behavior of the bankers, the responsibility of the principal and the values ​​of the City. The fastest and most effective way to do it would be resigning ... One way or another, Diamond must demonstrate that it is your responsibility.