Science in England

From England comes Prominent Figures of the Sphere of Science and Mathematics, as Isaac Newton, Michael Faraday, Robert Hooke, Robert Boyle, Joseph Priestley, JJ Thomson, Charles Babbage, Charles Darwin, Stephen Hawking, Christopher Wren, Alan Turing, Francis Crick, Joseph Lister, Tim Berners-Lee, Andrew Wiles and Richard Dawkins.

Some Experts Say That The First UN idea Metric WAS invented by John Wilkins, the first secretary of the Royal Society in 1668.

As the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, England was home many Important Inventors version of the late 18th and Principles 19.

The British engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel, WAS Known For The Creation of the Great Western Railway, a series Famous Steamboats, and numerous bridges Important release, revolutionized the Public Transportation and Engineering today.

Some of the Inventions and Discoveries made many English child portion: The First Industrial machine spinning, The First Team and the Modern Computer, the World Wide Web along with HTTP and HTML, The Results of the first blood transfusion, vacuuming, Lawn mower, Safety belt, the hovercraft, the electric motor, Microphone and steam engines.

Theories As Darwinian theory of evolution and atomic theory.

Newton WAS the enacting of universal gravitation and Newtonian mechanics, and infinitesimal calculus, WHILE That Robert Hooke Hooke's law enacting of Elasticity.

Other inventions were the railway board, heating, asphalt, rubber, the mousetrap, "cat's eye" road safety device, joint development of the light bulb, steam locomotives, the planter, and motor reaction many Modern Techniques and technologies used in precision engineering.

Literature, poetry and philosophy in England

The period of Old English literature was always backed by the epic poem Beowulf, the secular prose of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is, along with Christian writings Judith, Caedmon's Hymn and hagiographies holy. After the Norman conquest Latin continued amongst the educated classes, as well as an Anglo-Norman literature. English literature emerged with Geoffrey Chaucer, author of The Canterbury Tales, along with Gower, the Pearl Poet and Langland. The Franciscans, William of Ockham and Roger Bacon were major philosophers of the Middle Ages and the other ages. Julian of Norwich it was with her Revelations of Divine. Love was a prominent Christian mystic. During the Renaissance, William Shakespeare was the great exponent, with works such as Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth and The Dream of a Summer Night, it remains one of the most championed authors in English literature. Marlowe, Spenser, Sydney, Thomas Kyd, John Donne, Jonson are other established authors of the Elizabethan age. Francis Bacon and Thomas Hobbes wrote on empiricism and materialism, including scientific method and social contract. Robert Filmer wrote about the divine right of kings. Andrew Marvell was the best known poet of the Community, while John Milton authored Paradise Lost during the Restoration it was.

Some of the most prominent philosophers of the Enlightenment were Locke, Paine, Johnson and Bentham. More radical elements were later countered by Edmund Burke who is regarded as the founder of conservatism. The poet Alexander Pope with his satirical verses, became well regarded. The English performance is a significant role in romanticism, Coleridge, Byron, Keats, Shelley, Shelley, Blake and Wordsworth were major figures. In response to the Industrial Revolution, the writers seemed to find a way between liberty and tradition; Cobbett, Chesterton and Belloc were main exponents Penty and cooperative movement advocate Cole. Empiricism continued through Mill and Russell, while Williams was involved in the analysis. The authors of the era of the Victorian era include Dickens, the Brontë sisters, Jane Austen, Eliot, Kipling, Hardy, H. G. Wells, Lewis Carroll and Evelyn Underhill. Since then England continued to produce novelists such as C. S. Lewis, Orwell, D. H. Lawrence, Virginia Woolf, Enid Blyton, Huxley, Christie, Pratchett, J. R. R. Tolkien, and J. K. Rowling.

Sherlock Holmes: The most important fictional detective in the literature

Sherlock Holmes is a fictional character created in 1887 by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is an English detective of the late nineteenth century, noted for his intelligence, his skillful use of observation and deductive reasoning to solve difficult cases. He stars in a series of four novels and fifty-six fictional stories, making up the "canon holmesiano" mostly published by The Strand Magazine.

Sherlock Holmes is the epitome of excellence brain researcher and influenced heavily on detective fiction after its appearance. Although we consider Auguste Dupin, created by Edgar Allan Poe, as a character very similar predecessor, one eccentric genius he did not reach the enormous popularity and author Holmes reached in his lifetime.

Sherlock Holmes was born on January 6, 1854. His father was an English landowner and his mother descended from a line of French painters. He has a brother, Mycroft, thanks to the prodigious powers to manage vast amounts of information held, works almost anonymously as general coordinator and internal affairs reporter from the British government.

Sherlock Holmes seems to have been a student in college, probably that of Oxford, Cambridge but definitely not. After graduation, staying near the British Museum to study the sciences necessary for the development of his later career. Meet Watson in 1881, at the Saint Bartholomew. Refuses knighted (Sir), but accepts the Legion of Honor.

His great enemy, also of extraordinary intellectual powers, is Professor Moriarty, who apparently came to end the life of eminent detective in the cascade of Reichenbach, Switzerland (The Adventure of the Final Problem). Doyle had to choose to resurrect his hero when thousands of readers protested wearing black ribbons on their hats as a sign of mourning. Sherlock Holmes returns in the case The Empty House (The return of Sherlock Holmes, 1903).

After a career of twenty years, of which seventeen Watson shared with him, Holmes retired to Sussex, where he focused on beekeeping, and even wrote a book entitled Manual of beekeeping, with some remarks on the separation of the queen, and, almost incidentally, solved one of their toughest cases: the Adventure of the lion's Mane (1907). Following his retirement as detective spent two years painstakingly preparing a major counterintelligence action shortly before the start of the First World War. Nothing about it has since 1914.

The extensive bibliography of Arthur Conan Doyle in which recounts the adventures of Sherlock Holmes and his partner Watson, known collectively as "canon holmesiano" consists of four novels and fifty-six stories collected in several volumes:
novels
-Study in Scarlet (1887)
-The Sign of Four (1890)
-The Hound of the Baskervilles (1901-1902)                                          
  -The Valley of Fear (1914-1915)

Collections of short stories
- The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1892)
-Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (1893)
-The Return of Sherlock Holmes (1903)
-His Last Bow on stage (1917)
-The archive of Sherlock Holmes (1927)

Anglo-Saxon Literature and Dance and theatre in England

The first words in English, written in Anglo-Saxon dialect known as Old English, appeared in the early Middle Ages. The earliest known is the anthem of Caedmon. At that time it was very important oral tradition and much of the literary works were written in order to be represented. Epic poems were very popular and some, like Beowulf, have survived to this day.

This language is closely related to the current Norwegian and Icelandic language, so the Anglo verses were probably an adaptation of the first war poems and Germanic Vikings who came from the mainland. When this poem reached England, still transmitted orally from generation to generation, the constant presence of alliterative verse, or rhyme, that whites helped the easily remembered.

The first written literature appears in the time when St. Augustine of Canterbury founded monasteries primitive Christians language adapted to the needs of Christian readers. Even without its bloodiest lines, the Vikings were bloodthirsty war poems: in the stories there was always a sense of imminent danger. Sooner or later everything had its purpose. When William the Conqueror in England became part of the Norman kingdom (in 1066), Old English poetry continued reading and language usage spread.

Dance and theatre in England

The dance Morris is a form of folklore English dance generally accompanied by music. It is based on the rhythmic one and the intensification of the execution of the choreography by a group of dancers. It implements canes, swords, handkerchiefs and also it can be exercised by the dancers. In the dances for one or two men, the steps are realized about a couple of pipes of clay placed in the soil between the dancers.

There are english men who affirm that the beginnings of the dance morris go back 1448, but these are opened for the controversy. One does not mention "morris" dance before the ends of the 15th century, though they appear in the Bishops' records " Visitación articles " the friendly dances with sword called "mumming". In addition, the first records always mention "Morys"

One does not mention "morris" dance before the ends of the 15th century, though they appear in the Bishops' records " Visitación articles " the friendly dances with sword called "mumming".

In addition, the first records always mention "Morys" in the establishment of a court, and both men and women are participants of this dance.

Edmund Sharpe

Edmund Sharpe (31 October 1809 – 8 May 1877) was an English architect, architectural historian, railway engineer, and sanitary reformer. Born in Knutsford, Cheshire, he was educated first by his parents and then at schools locally and in Runcorn, Greenwich and Sedbergh. Following his graduation from Cambridge University he was awarded a travelling scholarship, enabling him to study architecture in Germany and southern France. In 1835 he established an architectural practice in Lancaster, initially working on his own. In 1845 he entered into partnership with Edward Paley, one of his pupils. Sharpe's main focus was on churches, and he was a pioneer in the use of terracotta as a structural material in church building, designing what were known as "pot" churches, the first of which is St Stephen and All Martyrs' Church, Lever Bridge.

He also designed secular buildings, including residential buildings and schools, and worked on the development of railways in Northwest England, designing bridges and planning new lines. In 1851 he resigned from his architectural practice, and in 1856 he moved from Lancaster, spending the remainder of his career mainly as a railway engineer, first in North Wales, then in Switzerland and southern France. Sharpe returned to England in 1866 to live in Scotforth near Lancaster, where he designed a final church near to his home.

While working in his architectural practice, Sharpe was involved in Lancaster's civic affairs. He was an elected town councillor and served as mayor in 1848–49. Concerned about the town's poor water supply and sanitation, he championed the construction of new sewers and a waterworks. He was a talented musician, and took part in the artistic, literary, and scientific activities in the town. An accomplished sportsman, he took an active interest in archery, rowing and cricket.

Sharpe achieved national recognition as an architectural historian. He published books of detailed architectural drawings, wrote a number of articles on architecture, devised a scheme for the classification of English Gothic architectural styles, and in 1875 was awarded the Royal Gold Medal of the Royal Institute of British Architects.

165 º anniversary of Bran Stoker's birth

Abraham "Bram" Stoker (November 8, 1847, Clontarf - April 20, 1912, London) was an Irish novelist and writer, known for his novel Dracula (1897).

Son of Abraham Stoker and the feminist Charlotte Mathilda Blake Thornley, Bram had six siblings: two older (Rose and Jack) and four small (Yoaquen, Johan, Jason and Jumy)  was a bourgeois family, hardworking and austere, whose only fortune was books and culture. His failing health forced him to carry out his studies at home with private tutors, and he was its first seven years of life in bed for different diseases while his mother told him stories of ghosts and mystery which will then influence. At seven, he made ​​a full recovery.

His best-known literary creation, which enhanced the nuances of vampirism and became a literary transmitted through the years, was the vampire Dracula (1897), based fictional story, according to some sources, the real character of Vlad Dracula "Vlad the Son of the Demon / Dragon" also called Vlad Tepes "the Impaler." for this novel drew on the expertise of a Hungarian orientalist scholar named Arminius Vámbéry (Armin or Hermann Bamberger, actually) that would meet with several times (according to some, to tell him the adventures of the Prince of Wallachia) and books like Emily Gerard "Report on the principalities of Wallachia." Irving was inspired by Franz Liszt and to fix the appearance of Count Dracula. reflects the struggle between Good and Evil Oscar Wilde said of the novel that was the best horror written work of all time, and also "the finest novel ever written." In addition, the work was praised by, among others, Arthur Conan Doyle.

The British Museum

                                                                                                                                                                                             The British Museum is a museun in London dedicated to human history and culture. Its permanent collection, numbering some eight million works, is amongst the largest and most comprehensive in existence and originates from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present.

The British Museum was established in 1753, largely based on the collections of the physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane. The museum first opened to the public on 15 January 1759 in Montagu House in Bloomsbury, on the site of the current museum building. The British Museum was unique in that it housed both a national museum of antiquities and a national library in the same building.

Since 2002 the director of the museum has been Neil MacGregor.

Shepherd's Pie

Now, we will learn how to cook a tipical delicious english recipe: the Sheperd's Pie.

The Shepherd's pie is a traditional British dish consisting of a layer of minced lamb and covered with mashed potato and optionally a layer of cheese. The traditionally consists minced lamb (hence Shepherd) but many people prefer the beef.  The recipe we will explain serves four people:

Ingredients:

- 1kg of Lamb minced meat (or Beef). 
- Half an Onion. 
- Garlic.  
- a Carrot.
- 25 cl. Red Wine.

- 2 boiled Potatoes.
- 2 spoons of Butter.
- 50 cl. of Fresh Milk. 

Preperation:

First, to make the mash, heat 50 cl. of Fresh Milk and 2 spoons of Butter.  Then, add the two mashed potatoes and remove it until it turns a soft potato mash.   Cool it down to room temperature. 

Then chop finely an half Onion and add it to a frying pan with some heated oil and some garlic; then slice a carrot and add it too. When it turns golden, you can add the minced Lamb.   Fry it for some minutes with the red wine. 

To assemble the pie put in the bowl a layer of meat first, then a layer of mash, meat layer and finally, mash layer.   The reason why we mix the Potatoes Mash with milk and butter is for lighthen it  and for the meat to not sinking on it.  This is the most critical phase of the assembling of the cake, so BE CAREFUL. 

Then, make slits on the last mash layer to make it crispy and cover it with some shreded cheese.  Bake it for 150º C  for an hour or until it turns golden.

We hope you enjoy this delicious recipe.

Monsters at Loch Ness

   

In the 7th century, the first guesses about a sea monster in Loch ness; a monk called Adomán wroted this quotes on a codex named  Life of St. Columba.  He said that Columba saw how a "sea monster" catched a man and gragged him to the bottom of the lake. All that he could do was to take the corpse out of water.    Hearing this, Columba stunned the Picts by sending his follower Luigne moccu Min to swim across the river. The beast came after him, but Columba made the sign of the cross and commanded: "Go no further. Do not touch the man. Go back at once." The beast immediately halted as if it had been "pulled back with ropes" and fled in terror, and both Columba's men and the pagan Picts praised God for the miracleThe oldest manuscript relating to this story was put online in 2012.       Believers in the Loch Ness Monster often point to this story, which notably takes place on the River Ness rather than the loch itself, as evidence for the creature's existence as early as the 6th century.        Modern interest in the monster was sparked by a sighting on 22 July 1933, when George Spicer and his wife saw 'a most extraordinary form of animal' cross the road in front of their car.
This latest version is the most suspectful of all; even so, a lot of tourists came every year to the Loch Ness to get informed about this special monster who even is attractive to much more people than suspected.

Religion in England

In the census of 2001, a bit more than 37 million persons in England and Wales are practised to yes the same Christians.
From the English Reform of the 16th century, when England became free of Rome, the English Christians have been predominantly members of the Church of England, it forms a of christianity that is simultaneously catholic and a reformist.
The Book of Common Prayer is the book fundacional of prayer of the Church of England, replacing diverse rites of the Latin of the Catholic Roman Church by the rites of the Church of England, which works as the church established in England. Both the Church of England and the Catholic Church in England and Wales begin his official history from 597 in the mission agustiniana to the english men.
Nowadays, the majority of english men who practise the organized religion, at least nominally, are affiliated to the Church of England. Other Christian important names are the Roman catholicism and Systematic method. Between the Churches that originated in England we find the church Methodist, the Quakers and the Army of Salvation.

The legend of Lady Godiva

According to the popular story,  Lady Godiva took pity on the people of Coventry, who were suffering grievously under her husband's oppressive taxation. Lady Godiva appealed again and again to her husband, who obstinately refused to remit the tolls. At last, weary of her entreaties, he said he would grant her request if she would strip naked and ride through the streets of the town. Lady Godiva took him at his word and, after issuing a proclamation that all persons should stay indoors and shut their windows, she rode through the town, clothed only in her long hair. Just one person in the town, a tailor (Peeping Tom) disobeyed her proclamation. In the story, Tom bores a hole in his shutters so that he might see Godiva pass, and is struck blind. In the end, Godiva's husband keeps his word and abolishes the onerous taxes.

Gastronomy

The British kitchen is formed by a set of customs and of food adapted to the climate of the islands and to the interactions with other European and Asian cultures. The traditional plates have very ancient dues, as the production of bread and the cheese, the roats meats, fished proceeding from the waters of the sea or from the rivers, all of them mixed with the chiles from North America, the spices and currys of the India and Bangladesh, the fried food based on the Chinese kitchen and Thai. The kitchen of Great Britain has been one of the first ones and more fervent in adopting the snack food proceeding from the United States.