Romanization of Scotland

The written history of Scotland begins with the romanization of central southern Great Britain. The Romans called Caledonia initially to Scotland, for the huge Caledonian pine forest that stretched from north to south and from east to west across the country. The main people who sat in that time in the region was that of Scottish Picts, so called, apparently, for his habit of painting their bodies. The Scots, meanwhile, were a people of Irish origin, also known as dalriadas, who settled in the west of Scotland. During this period there were therefore two distinct realms: the West of Scotland, Scotland, Pictish kingdom and the east, Alba.

The Romanization of Scotland was a long process with lots of interruptions: in 83 a. C., General Gnaeus Julius Agricola defeated the Caledonians at the Battle of Monte Graupio, September 8 which allowed the construction of a chain of fortifications known as the Gask Ridge close to the Highland Fault, and shortly thereafter, however, the Romans withdrew to the Southern Uplands, ie the third most southerly of Scotland, and began construction of Hadrian's Wall to control tribes in the area. This line marked for most of the period of Roman occupation the northern boundary of the Roman Empire, despite the construction, further north, the Antonine Wall. This could only be defended border for brief periods, of which later took place between the years 208 and 210, during the reign of Emperor Septimius Severus. Later the territory was created in the Roman province of Valentia. In total, the occupation of these areas in Scotland by the Romans lasted no more than 40 years, although the Latin influence in the southernmost part, especially among the tribes of Breton origin, was more durable.

Serpentine Gallery

Occupying some 350 square-metres of lawn in front of the Serpentine Gallery, Sou Fujimoto's delicate, latticed structure of 20mm steel poles will have a lightweight and semi-transparent appearance that will allow it to blend, cloud-like, into the landscape and against the classical backdrop of the Gallery's colonnaded East wing. Designed as a flexible, multi-purpose social space - with a café sited inside -
The Serpentine Gallery Pavilion 2013, which will open on 8 June, will be designed by Japanese architect Sou Fujimoto.

Widely acknowledged as one of the most important architects coming to prominence worldwide, Sou Fujimoto is the leading light of an exciting generation of artists who are re-inventing our relationship with the built environment. Inspired by organic structures, such as the forest, the nest and the cave, Fujimoto's signature buildings inhabit a space between nature and artificiality. Fujimoto has completed the majority of his buildings in Japan, with commissions ranging from the domestic, such as Final Wooden House, T House and House N, to the institutional, such as the Musashino Art Museum and Library at Musashino Art University.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=qCtjJlG6Aj0

Monument to William Wallace

William Wallace National Monument is a tower located on top of Mount Abbey Craig, near Stirling in Scotland. Figure commemorates William Wallace, Scottish soldier who fought thirteenth century King Edward I of England in the War of Scottish Independence.

Construction

The tower was built thanks to a fundraising campaign, amid renewed Scottish nationalist sentiment during the nineteenth century. In addition to this public subscription was also funded by some foreign employers, including the Italian leader Giuseppe Garibaldi. It was completed in 1869 following the designs of architect John Thomas Rochead, and consists of a sandstone tower about 70 meters high, in Victorian Gothic style. It is situated high on the hill of Abbey Craig, a crag that rises above Cambuskenneth Abbey, and from which it is said that William Wallace watched the English army before the Battle of Stirling Bridge.

To access the monument is needed to climb the hill, and in turn can climb to the top of the monument through the 246 steps of the spiral staircase. From the top you can see the views of the Ochil Hills and the Forth River valley. Inside the tower are also preserved various objects which are said to belong to William Wallace, as his Great Sword Battle of 1.67 meters long.

"Braveheart" William Wallace

William Wallace statue at the foot of the hill, now withdrawn.

In 1997 he installed a new statue honoring William Wallace at the foot of Monument Hill, next to the car park. However, the hero's portrait seemed less historical than the original face of Mel Gibson, who had incarnated in the film Braveheart-term also appeared in the coat of the hero in the statue.

According to William Temby2 this caused the discontent of the Scots, and the mobilization of social groups who demanded its removal, it was denied, and since then the monument suffered recurring vandalism that marred especially the face of the statue. Hence, the statue had to be protected by bars, something surprising when you consider that the title of the statue was Libertad.3 Under Rampant Scotland Newsletter news when in September 2004 was completed within occupied space rental by the statue, the author put up for sale by auction with a starting price of £ 350,000, with no buyers.

Two English ex-soldiers are acussed to attack a mosque of England

Two British ex-soldiers appeared today before a judge accused of throwing firebombs on Sunday at a mosque in Grimsby, north-east of England, the BBC reported.

The Islamic Cultural Center attack in the town of 90,000 inhabitants, came four days after the murder of the soldier Lee Rigby in London at the hands of two suspected radical Islamists.

Stuart Harness, 33, and Gavin Humphries, 37, in custody accused of the charges of arson and endangering the lives of others.

The two former soldiers will return to appear in court in Grimsby on 7 June.

The head of the mosque, Diler Gharib, described the local newspaper "Grimsby Telegraph" how someone threw firebombs at the building where several people were gathered inside.

"We had finished our prayers and we were discussing how our neighbors to thank the support they have shown in recent days when we heard a bang and we saw fire coming under the door," said Gharib.

The attack on the mosque in the town was the second in a few days, after a group of eleven teenagers, aged 16 and 17, allegedly damaged the cars parked across the street from the day after the death of the soldier Rigby, who shocked the United Kingdom.

The Humberside County police reported that five of the eleven young men have been released without charge, while the rest have left the police station bail.

The London Underground

The London Underground  is a public transportation electric railway that operates both above and below ground throughout the Greater London area. Is the transport system of this type world's oldest. Became operational on January 10, 1863 and its older sections have completed 150 years into operation in 2013.

Londoners often refer to him as "the Tube" because of the shape of their tunnels.

Today there are 274 stations open and more than 408 kilometers of active lines, with more than three million passengers use the metro daily. It is the second metro system in the world (after Shanghai) for miles and the first of the European Union.

Since 2003, the underground part of the organization Transport for London (TfL), which also manages London's buses, including the famous red double-decker buses. Previously London Regional Transport was the company that owns the London Underground.

The Beatles

The Beatles were an English rock band active during the 1960s, and recognized as the most commercially successful and critically acclaimed in the history of music popular.Formada in Liverpool, was established in 1962 by John Lennon (rhythm guitar, vocals) , Paul McCartney (bass, vocals), George Harrison (lead guitar, vocals) and Ringo Starr (drums, vocals). Rooted in skiffle and rock and roll of the fifties, the band later worked with different musical genres, ranging from pop ballads to psychedelic rock, often incorporating classical elements, among others, pioneered in his songs . The nature of their enormous popularity, which had first emerged in the fashion of the "Beatlemania", transformed while his compositions became more sophisticated. Came to be perceived as the embodiment of progressive ideals, seeing their influence extend into the social and cultural revolutions of the 1960s.

With initial training five components of Lennon, McCartney, Harrison, Stuart Sutcliffe (bass) and Pete Best (drums), the band built their reputation in Liverpool and Hamburg clubs over a three-year period from 1960 . Sutcliffe left the group in 1961, and Best was replaced by Starr the following year. Established as a professional group after Brian Epstein would offer to be your representative, and with their musical potential enhanced by the creativity of producer George Martin, achieved commercial success in the UK in late 1962 with their first single, "Love Me Do" . From there, they acquired international popularity over the following years, which made a large number of tours until 1966, when it ceased live activity to concentrate solely on the recording in the studio until its dissolution in 1970. Then all members embarked on successful independent careers. Lennon was assassinated outside his home in New York in 1980, and Harrison pass away of cancer in 2001. McCartney and Starr remain active.

During his years of study created some of his best material, including the album Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band (1967), considered by many to be a masterpiece. Four decades after their separation, they created music remains popular. They remain as the group with the most number one on the British charts, placing more albums in this position than any other musical group. According to RIAA certifications, they have sold more albums in the United States than any other artist. In 2008, Billboard magazine released a list of the most successful artists of all time on the Hot 100 on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the charts, and The Beatles were placed at number one. They were awarded seven Grammy Awards, and received a total of fifteen Ivor Novello Awards from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors. In 2004, Rolling Stone magazine ranked at number one on their list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time" According to the same publication, the Beatles' innovative music and cultural impact helped define the years sixty.

This link is a song of The Beatles:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=3I7XCBzTC3I

William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare (April 26, 1564 - April 23, 1616) was a playwright, poet and English actor. Sometimes known as the Bard of Avon, Shakespeare is considered the greatest writer in the English language and one of the most famous in world literature.

The New Encyclopædia Britannica says that "many consider him the greatest playwright of all time. Their pieces are represented more often and in more nations than any other writer."

Shakespeare's works have been translated into the major languages ​​and his plays are still performed worldwide. In addition, many quotations and aphorisms of his works have become part of everyday use, both in English and in other languages. Over time, there has been much speculation about his life, questioning his sexuality, religious affiliation, and even the authorship of his works.

Bronze Age

English society changed by the invention of bronze. Metal objects appeared in England as early as 2700 BC, although it is believed to have been imported.

About 2,000 BC bronze was created in England, comprising 9 parts of copper and tin. It is, of course, harder than stone and always more efficient as a tool and weapon.

In the Bronze Age the English rode horses and they were the first to weave cloth. The bronze age women, their hair adorned with pins and bone crescent and wore necklaces.

In the late Bronze Age (1000 BC-650 BC) built forts in the hills because wars were more common. This may have been because the population increased and fertile land were difficult to obtain.

Meanwhile, in the Bronze Age barrows are being built, although cremation was practiced. The dead were buried with useful items. It was believed that the need in the afterlife. Unfortunately, they had no written records, we know nothing of the religion of the Bronze Age.

We know that the British Bronze Age round living in wooden huts with thatched roofs, but nothing is known of their society and their organization. However, it is believed that there were different social classes.